Description

Disclaimer: This is a research chemical only. It’s not a medication, and it’s not approved for human or animal use outside of authorized studies

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a short, 16–amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome, representing a novel class of bioactive “mitochondria-derived peptides” (MDPs). Unlike nuclear-encoded proteins, MOTS-c originates from mitochondrial DNA, making it a unique signaling molecule that bridges mitochondrial activity with cellular metabolic regulation.

In controlled research environments, MOTS-c has been shown to translocate to the nucleus under metabolic stress, where it modulates the expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis, stress adaptation, and cellular protection. Researchers are particularly interested in its role in activating the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway—a central regulator of glucose utilization, fatty acid oxidation, and insulin sensitivity.

Laboratory studies frequently examine MOTS-c in models of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and age-related metabolic decline. Its activity profile suggests a potential to counteract insulin resistance, promote glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, and enhance metabolic flexibility under conditions of nutrient stress. Additionally, MOTS-c has been investigated for its possible cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in models of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

From a pharmacological perspective, MOTS-c represents an emerging frontier in the study of “mitochondrial hormones,” with potential implications in metabolic disease, aging biology, and resilience against cellular stressors. Its dual identity as both a peptide and a mitochondrial-encoded signal makes it of great significance to researchers investigating the crosstalk between mitochondrial health, genomic regulation, and systemic metabolism.MOTS-c is a small peptide that actually comes from the mitochondria—the “power plants” of your cells. Scientists are studying it because of its potential role in how the body manages energy, regulates blood sugar, and adapts to stress. Research suggests MOTS-c may help cells use fuel more efficiently, improve how muscles respond to exercise, and support healthier aging by protecting cells under strain. Since it directly connects mitochondrial function with metabolism, MOTS-c is seen as an exciting candidate for exploring new ways to support energy balance, resilience, and overall cellular health.